Hitler Was An Almighty Dictator - 1477 Words

Nazi Propaganda was devoted to portraying Adolf Hitler as an almighty leader with calmative power with the view of ‘one leader, one party and one ideology’. This image of Hitler was easy to conceive giving the result of the holocaust and the creation of the Nazi state. However, leaving propaganda aside, there have been many historiographical debates as to whether Adolf Hitler was a weak or strong dictator, from Norman Rich claiming he was a master in the Third Reich, to Hans Mommsen who stated Hitler was a weak dictator. This essay will argue that hitler was an almighty dictator by focusing on Hitler as a charismatic leader using evidence of Hitler as a charismatic leader, the structure of the Nazi state and concept of a Volksgeist. 1.†¦show more content†¦Hitler played a central role in decision making of policy that interested him, he ordered the passing of the ‘Nuremberg Laws’ in 1935 and approved anti Semitic action from 1933. Hitler was also involved in foreign policy from the invasion of the Rhineland in 1936 to operation Barbarossa. During peaceful crucial decisions were also made by Hitler. The decision to destroy the leadership of the SA and the second revolting by instigation the Night of the Long Knives; in June 1934 was Hitlers. He took designs to introduce conscription in 1935 to invade the Rhineland and Austria which were all critically important events in the development of the nazi regime, and there timing was directed by Hitler. Hitlers authority was unchallenged, the lack for formal mechanising through which that authority was excessed by the Fuhrer has caused issues with historians trying to explain how the nazi state operated, Hitler rarely read important document befor e making a decision and disliked signing official papers, his officials and sought a verbal agreement of Hitler or even a nod of a head would suffice to sign a document. The suggests he was almighty as a nod of a head would allow a decision to be made and all this suggests that his subordinates were as they were working towards the fuhrer. Hitler kept out of the debates until all sides were exhausted and willing to accept hisShow MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Benito Mussolini759 Words   |  3 PagesWho is Mussolini? Benito Mussolini was an Italian dictator who thrived in the times of both World Wars. Though he was a strong leader with a lot of persistence, his works and contributions in WWII werent as successful as he would have hoped. Even though he had the almighty Adolfo Hitler on his side, he still somehow succeeded to turn his entire country against him in the end and lose one of the most well known wars in all of history. The Pact of Steel: How it All Started Mussolini and his countryRead MoreAdolf Hitler As A Post Christ1349 Words   |  6 Pages People sometimes refer to Adolf Hitler as a post-Christ Nero because of Hitler s ruthless attitudes and actions towards innocent citizens, similar to Nero when he persecuted Christians during his rule about two thousand years prior(Kershaw). Hitler dealt with a depressing childhood, which included the deaths of his parents and the inability to pursue his dreams as an artist(Knapp). Thereafter, Hitler became interested in politics, as he eventually joined the Small German Workers party(Nazis)Read MoreEssay on Adolf Hitler: a Transformational Leader1461 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler: A Transformational Leader Adolf Hitler: A Transformational Leader If there is such a thing as effective leadership, it involves enthusiasm, inspiration and devotion. Throughout his reign of dominance, the historical and contentious Adolf Hitler had possessed all of the listed traits; qualities in which a transformational leader seizes. Witherbee (2009) revealed that Adolf Hitler was an Australian-born German politician that was highly known as the leader of the Nazi Party. AsRead MoreMein Kampf : Jewish Virtual Library988 Words   |  4 PagesIn Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote various hate-filled comments such as,â€Å"The personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew†(â€Å"Mein Kampf: Jewish Virtual Library† 7). This is only one of the variou slurs the dictator used in the Mein Kampf. There were many controversial topics in the book, not just the derogation of the Jews. He explains the formation of his views and thoughts along with the construction of the Nazi party. Hitler â€Å"decided the h e would rule theRead MoreHow Adolf Hilters Efforts for World Domination Changed the World994 Words   |  4 Pageseven those alive today. This man was Adolf Hitler. He was a anti-semitic, anti-Marxist dictator that dominated Europe into believing that Jews were the root of all evil. Adolf Hitler is one of the most influential figures of the 20th century because his reign and military leadership of Germany lead to World War II, he killed millions of Jews trying to perfect humanity through the Holocaust and his efforts of world domination influenced history forever. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1989, in Braunau-amRead More1984 Dystopian Society Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagesget. In countries where a dictator controls the government, the citizens have very little freedom to express their own opinions. This is because dictators create societies that they feel are supreme. In order to have an almighty society, each person has to think and behave the same. George Orwell created a dystopian society, Oceania, where the government was controlled by Big Brother. Winston Smith, the main character, slowly realized that the Party, or the government, was manipulating their societyRead MoreThe Rise Of Adolf Hitler1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe people who have elected them. The rise of Dictator Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Nazi Germany would prove to be an event in history that was totally inexplicable in any terms. He was an adventurer who desired to conquer the German people and dominate the entire world, reshaping it accordingly to his desires and pleasures. The evidence of his pestiferous acrimony is all around us, making it quite difficult to believe he did it all on his own. Hitler is one who emerges from obscurity to shake theRead MoreWorld War II, Hitler, Erwin Rommel, And Heinrich Himmler2310 Words   |  10 PagesDuring World War II, Germany was led by three powerful men: Adolf Hitler, Erwin Rommel, and Heinrich Himmler. All three men rose to power in Nazi Germany because of their particular leadership qualities and the way they complemented each other. Hitler was elected dictator because he was a ruthless political leader who persuaded his countrymen that he would make Germany powerful. Rommel was chosen to be general of the Nazi party because he was a self-confident leader with great knowledge in militaryRead MoreA Brief Note On Western Culture And Individualism1107 Words   |  5 Pageschanged itself throughout the years when it comes to the way we think. If you refer back to the early ages, the way of thinkin g has changed in several different ways. I look at the example of Hitler, and the war. He believed that he should have been a ruler of the entire world, along with several other dictators. I believe that is an example of individualism, and how he shaped history in the way that he personally thought about himself. This may be a radical one, but it still exemplified what individualismRead MoreThe Cause And Effect Of The Holocaust1811 Words   |  8 Pagesthere was one event that deeply influence the world and the Jews today, it was the Holocaust. Holocaust, a term that people use to describe the horrible event that happened during World War II which kill millions of innocent citizens. The Holocaust started at January 13, 1933, when Hitler became the leader of Germany. It continued until the V - E Day, which happened on May 8, 1945. 6 million Jews, and 5 million non-Jews were killed during the Holocaust. The causes and effect of the Holocaust was Hitler’s

History of Halloween - Informative Speech Essay - 1122 Words

Title: History of Halloween Purpose: To inform the audience of how Halloween started and transformed to what it is now. Thesis Statement: How Halloween has evolved from what it once was to what is now. Introduction: Patrons of the season of Halloween spend over $2.5 billion dollars every year on candy, costumes, and decorations. Every year millions of kids get dressed up, knock on doors, and beg for candy. Have you ever wondered where this strange tradition originated? The three most important points of Halloween can be summed up by looking at its origins, how it came to include jack-o-lanterns and bobbing for apples, and how it is celebrated today with trick-or-treating and haunted houses. * Where the origins of Halloween†¦show more content†¦Once the Devil did so, Jack decided to keep the money and put in into his pocket next to a silver cross, which prevented the Devil from changing back to his original form. Jack eventually freed the Devil, under the condition that he would not bother Jack for 10 years, should Jack die before then, he would not claim his soul. Ten years pass, Jack again tricked the Devil into a tree to pick him an apple before he took his soul. While he was up in the tree, Jack carved a cross into the trees bark so that the Devil could not come down until he promised Jack not to bother him and to never take his soul. Soon after, Jack died. As the legend goes, God would not allow such an unsavory figure into heaven. The Devil, upset by the trick Jack had played on him and keeping his word not to claim his soul, would not allow Jack into hell. He sent Jack out into the night with only a burning coal to light his way. Jack put the coal into a ca rved-out turnip and has been roaming the Earth ever since. In Ireland and Scotland, people would carve scary faces into turnips and potatoes and would place them in their windows or near doors to frighten away wandering evil spirits. In the mid-late 1840s, The Irish Potato Famine caused people to immigrate to the United States. Since turnips werent readily available in the U.S., they found pumpkins to be abundant and the best replacement. * The weird water sport of Bobbing for Apples. ApplesShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech : Americanization Of Halloween Essay721 Words   |  3 PagesSENTENCE-INFORMATIVE OUTLINE SPEECH TITLE: Americanization of Halloween GENERAL PURPOSE: To inform SPECIFIC PURPOSE: Informing the audience about how Halloween came to America and how most traditions were American inventions. THESIS/CENTRAL IDEA: How most of Halloween traditions were Americanized. INTRODUCTION: 1. GET ATTENTION: Who here likes Halloween? [pause for hands to be raised] 2. CLEARLY REVEAL THE TOPIC: Today we are going to discover the story that haunts us all, how Halloween wasRead Morehistory of halloween1293 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Hailey Hause COMM 130 The Culture of Halloween OUTLINE FORMAT FOR SECOND MAJOR SPEECH (Informative Speech with Visual Aids) I. Introduction: A. Attention Getter: Halloween is one of the world’s oldest and most celebrated holidays. B. Topic Link: The holidays connection to it’s origins have mostly fallen by the wayside, and a number of new American traditions have developed. C. Thesis Statement: Going from what the meaning of Halloween is in America today and looking back at it’s rootsRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesLogical Consequences and Counterexamples ..................................................... 361 3-Valued Logic................................................................................................................................ 362 History of Sentential Logic ........................................................................................................... 367 Review of Major Points ..........................................................................................Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto do the following: 1. Decide whether existing information is adequate or whether additional information is required. 2. If necessary, collect more information in a reasonable and thoughtful way. 3. Summarize the available data in a useful and informative manner. 4 Chapter 1 ââ€"   The Role of Statistics and the Data Analysis Process 4. Analyze the available data. 5. Draw conclusions, make decisions, and assess the risk of an incorrect decision. People informally use these steps to make everyday

Marginal Costing Free Essays

What is Marginal Costing? What are its features? What are the basic assumptions made by Marginal Costing? Marginal Costing is ascertainment of the marginal cost which varies directly with the volume of production by differentiating between fixed costs and variable costs and finally ascertaining its effect on profit. The basic assumptions made by marginal costing are following: – Total variable cost is directly proportion to the level of activity. However, variable cost per unit remains constant at all the levels of activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Marginal Costing or any similar topic only for you Order Now – Per unit selling price remains constant at all levels of activities. All the items produced by the organisation are sold off. Features of Marginal costing: – It is a method of recoding costs and reporting profits. – It involves ascertaining marginal costs which is the difference of fixed cost and variable cost. – The operating costs are differentiated into fixed costs and variable costs. Semi variable costs are also divided in the individual components of fixed cost and variable cost. – Fixed costs which remain constant regardless of the volume of production do not find place in the product cost determination and inventory valuation. Fixed costs are treated as period charge and are written off to the profit and loss account in the period incurred. – Only variable costs are taken into consideration while computing the product cost. – Prices of products are based on variable cost only. – Marginal contribution decides the profit ability of the products. What are the limitations of Marginal Costing? The limitations of Marginal Costing: – The classification of total costs into fixed and variable cost is difficult. – In this technique fixed costs are totally eliminated for the valuation of inventory of finished and semi-finished goods. Such elimination affects the profitability adversely. – In marginal costing historical data is used while management decisions are related to future events. – It does not provide any standard for the evaluation of performance. – Selling price fixed on the basis of marginal cost will be useful only for short period of time. – Assessment of profitability on the marginal cost base can be used only in the short period of time. What is Cost Volume-Profit relationship? Cost Volume-Profit (CVP) relationship is an analysis which studies the relationships between the following factors and its impact on the amount of profits. Selling price per unit and total sales amount †¢ Total cost which may be in any form i. e. fixed cost or Variable cost. -Volume of sales In simple words, CVP is a management accounting tool that expresses relationship among total sales, total cost and profit. Cost Volume-Profit relationship is one of the important techniques of cost and ma nagement accounting. It is a powerful tool which furnishes the complete picture of the profit structure and helps in planning of profits. It can also answer what if type of questions by telling the volume required to produce. This concept is relevant in all decision making areas, particularly in the short run. Explain P/V ratio and Contribution. P/V Ratio: P/V Ratio (Profit Volume Ratio) is the ratio of contribution to sales which indicates the contribution earned with respect to one rupee of sales. It also measures the rate of change of profit due to change in volume of sales. Its fundamental property is that if per unit sales price and variable cost are constant then P/V Ratio will be constant at all the levels of activities. A change in fixed cost does not affect P/V Ratio. It is calculated as under: Contribution * 100) / Sales (Change in profits * 100) / (Change in sales) A high P/V Ratio indicates that a slight increase in sales without increase in fixed costs will result in higher profits. A low P/V ratio which indicates low profitability can be improved by increasing selling price, reducing marginal costs or selling products having high P/V ratio. Contribution: It is the difference between sales re venue and variable cost (also known as variable cost). Variable cost is the important cost in deciding profitability as fixed costs are ignored by marginal costing. It can be expressed in two ways: Sales Revenue – Variable Cost †¢ Fixed Cost + Profit The situation generating higher contribution is treated as a profitable situation. Explain Break Even Point. How does BEP help in making business decision? Break Even Point (BEP) is a volume of sales where there is neither loss nor profit. That means contribution is enough to cover the fixed costs. Thus, we can say that Contribution = Fixed Cost Any contribution generated after BEP will directly result into profits as the fixed costs are fully covered now. BEP can be computed in two ways: In terms of Quantity- Fixed Costs / Contribution per unit In terms of Amount- (Fixed Costs) / (P/V Ratio) BEP (Break Even Point) is the situation where there is neither loss nor profit. At this stage, the contribution is enough to cover the fixed costs i. e contribution is equal to fixed cost. Contribution generated after the break even point will result in profits for the organisation. Profit maximization is the motive of every organisation. Thus, every organisation use BEP as a base to take various decisions in regard to its sales volume and tries to increase it so that total fixed costs can be covered as early as possible and more profits can be earned. Explain Margin of Safety. Margin of Safety is the amount of sales which generates profit. In other words, sales beyond Break Even Point are known as Margin of Safety. It is calculated as the difference between total sales and the break even sales. It can be expressed in monetary terms or number of units. It can be expressed as below: Margin of Safety = Sales – Break Even Sales = Sales – {(Fixed Cost) / (P/V Ratio)} = ((Sales * (P/V) Ratio) – Fixed Cost) / (P/V) Ratio = (Contribution – Fixed Cost) / (P/V) Ratio = Profit / (P/V) Ratio The size of margin of safety is an extremely important guide to the financial strength of a business. If margin of safety is large, which indicates that BEP is much below the actual sales, that means business is in a sound condition and reduction in sales will not affect the profit of the business. On the other hand, if margin of safety is low, any loss of sales may be a serious matter. Thus, efforts need to be made to reduce fixed costs, variable costs or increasing the selling price or sales volume to improve contribution and overall P/V Ratio. How to cite Marginal Costing, Essay examples

Project Time Management Schedule

Question: What is the importance of Project Time Management for Scheduling the Project through PERT CPM? Answer: Introduction Project time management is very much important for scheduling the all the activities related with the project. It is more difficult job for project manager to manage a large scale based project which needs coordination of numerous activities. It is known that the management of project involves the activities of planning, co-ordination, monitoring control and review of the performance of number of inter-related tasks with limited resources. Apart from studying the inter-relations, the project manger has to know the consequences of deviations from the initial plan in order to take appropriate corrective measures on the effect of delay in one task on the other tasks. Project manager are compelled to look for dependable dynamic planning, scheduling, control and monitoring devices. Network techniques are primarily used in project management, particularly in dealing with non-repetitive operations. Network techniques are nothing now, as most managers have been using such techniques in one form or the other in project management by calling them, commonsense which is uncommon (Trietsch Baker, 2012). Most managers face enormous increase in the complexity of their work, and face problems of uncertainty while tackling futuristic situations. The network specifically deals with these situations. Network techniques provide the help a manger needs, when he is defining the complex relationship that exists in sequencing and time between many jobs and planned elements of work. Thereafter, during the execution of the project, the inevitable slippages from planned schedule occur. Network analysis enables the project manager to determine the importance of these deviations by taking the most cost-effective measures after adequate monitoring, evaluation and control (Oberlender, 2014). This study contains the importance and all the aspects of PERT/CPM for the time management of the project. Research Questions Research questions are considered to be useful in understanding the topic of the research in a much easy and well manner. The research question focus on the area of analysis which can help to gain the relevant and useful information according to the topic selected. The research questions for the current study are as follows: What are the importance of PERT/CPM for scheduling the project? What time is needed to complete the entire activities of the project? What are the starts and end times or each activity? Which critical activities needed to complete according to the schedule to meet the estimated time for the completion of project? Which critical path is best for the completion of all activities with minimum cost? Relevance Value The advancing technological revolution of space age has brought an explosive growth of a new of planning and controlling techniques (Young, 2010). Much of the development work has done in defence sector, but construction, chemical and other industries have also played a crucial role. These techniques are network based planning and control procedures and known as PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique). PERT The requisites of PERT are important if the system is to be used effectively in Project Management. The project goal needs to be clearly and unambiguously identified; all the individual tasks in a given program need to be visualized in a logical manner, creating a work-break structure (Dinsmore Cabanis-Brewin, 2011). These are put in a network flow diagram, which is comprised of events and activities; the duration of an activity, except in a time-scale network, is not presented by the length of the line. An activity succeeding an event cannot occur until all activities leading to all it is accomplished (Bielefeld, 2009). Image 1 All activity paths need to be completed by appropriate events, and a description of each activity needs to be written above the arrow linking the events. Emphasis is laid on defining events and activities with precision so there is no difficulty in monitoring actual accomplishment (Ju Xie, 2009). Events and activities need to be sequenced in the network under a logical set of ground rules which allow the determination of the critical paths, and all constraints, and interdependencies need to be clearly shown in the diagram (Ash Pittman, 2008). The numbering of events can be forward or backward, depending upon whether the network diagram begins from the starting point or the ending point. Image 2 Steps of PERT PERT network analysis consists of following steps: Clearly defining the goal of the project. Obtaining a work-break structure to set a individual jobs, and arranging them in a logical fashion Estimating the job duration, making provisions for optimistic and pessimistic schedules. Identifying the resource requirement constraints Locating the schedule of dates for each activity by planning a detailed control structure Preparing project control systems, and identifying the requirements of progress reports for different levels of management Developing the critical path and slack times Crashing the time-optimum cost levels on the basis of costs Updating the network continuously by systematized methods Monitoring, evaluating and reviewing the network continuously. Image 3 Benefit of PERT PERT gives management ability to plan the best possible use of resources to achieve a given goal within the overall time and cost limitations. It enables the project executives to manage the a variety of programs, as opposed to repetitive production system; it helps the project manager to handle the uncertainties involved in programming where no standard time data are available; it utilizes the time network analysis as a base method of approach to determine the manpower, material, machinery and capital requirements (Onofri Spagnuolo, 2014). PERT is an effective mechanism for planning, scheduling and coordinating the different activities in project buying. PERT enables the optimum utilization of the resources by their transfer from the slack to busy segments in the network in order to accomplish the stipulated goal. It is useful for pre-crisis planning and buying when the force majeur clauses are operative because the responsibilities to project executives are allocated well in advance to tackle such emergencies (Kim, Kim Dong, 2014). PERT is one of the most important techniques of scientific management in project planning with the minimum possible scheduling time and use of resources. Inefficiencies in personal loading can be removed by the proper use of slack activities; lead can be analyzed, thus expediting the work schedules (Dolabi, Afshar Abbasnia, 2014). PERT network reveals the interdependencies and problem areas which are not obvious or not well defined by the conventional methods. On the basis of three time estimates, the PERT network caters to the intricacies of uncertainties that confront the decision-makers. Construction of PERT The construction of PERT involves the identification of activities connecting to the necessary events of the system in a sequence which culminates in the completion of a project. The PERT network is flow plan consisting of the activities and events that must be completed to reach the goal of the program together with their interdependencies and inter-relations (Baradaran, Ghomi, Mobini Hashemin, 2010). It shows, orderly, step by step, series of activities carried out in a logical sequence to reach the goal. The events from the foundation for describing the activities included in them events describe the beginning or the completion of one or more activities. The activities are the channels of flow of the network and the manager can control this flow of material, investment, expenses, human efforts, time spent, etc to achieve the final project goal (Sears, Sears Clough, 2010). Image 4 Critical Path and Management Decision It is evident that delay in any of the activities on the critical path will delay the entire project. However, the activities for which positive slack time is available can be performed at a slower pace, thereby releasing the some of the resources for use in critical activities, provided the all activities are interchangeable (Kerzner, 2009). If the total duration of the project is to be reduced for some reason, the activities to be considered will be the ones on the critical path. The activities falling on the next longest path trace the subcritical path. The most economic time with minimum cost is the only resource under consideration. Ensuring earliest project completion often means conscious and deliberate acceptance of inconvenience, higher cost and deviations from the established practices (Adegoke, 2011). The project management environment is never static and undergoes rapid changes. All efforts at planning, budgeting, scheduling and forecasting are directed at anticipating future outcomes based on the decision taken today. Since the future seldom turns out to be what was expected, there is a constant and urgent need to assess the projections and correct the commitment of resources. Management of costs in a project tries to achieve this objective by the deviations and providing the mid-course correction. Methodology Methodology contains the detail research techniques to analyze the importance of PERT and CPM for scheduling the project. For this current research study application of the deductive approach is literally intrinsic which let the researcher perform the study more intrinsically. Evaluation of the information and the data collected in account of the primary research work, deductive research approach seems to be essentially bold (Al-Begain, Fiems Knottenbelt, 2010). Application of descriptive design is literally helpful for this research particular research work. Application of both qualitative and quantitative approach of this research work is essential for this research work. Research design helps in explaining the framework of the research topic that will help in selection of the collection and analysis pattern. During the process of data collection, a particular kind of approach is applied that helps in better description of the research design. Kinds of research design used in academic research pattern are exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. For this particular research work the researcher is going to seek for the necessary attributes from the different parts. At the same time the researcher does not. The extent of influence imparted by PERT and CPM for scheduling the project is rightly scrutinized with the help of descriptive design with selection of descriptive design(Rose, 2009). There are two kinds of data: Primary Data and Secondary Data. Primary data are collected directly from the respondents, which indicate that the study is more valid and reliable. In case of secondary sources, data are used as widening the concept of research topic that also enables better study of the topic as it involves more data and description (Munier, Jimenez-Saez Fernandez-Diego, 2013). Here, the data is collected from secondary source. The data collected via secondary sources. Secondary source includes both the online and offline sources like journals, articles, books, websites, blogs and others. Excel package is used for the calculation and represent the data properly. Traditional method of PERT is used for network drawing. Slack of the activities is calculated to find out the critical path. The three times are estimated such optimistic, most likely and pessimistic. The expected time is calculated on the basis of these three times by using the normal formula. Expected Results PERT and CPM analysis for taking decision of make or buy in project purchasing Activities Preceding Event Succeeding Event Activity Times (Week) Event Times (Week) Slack (Week) i j to tm tp te TE TL a Obtain detailed specifications and prepare Engineering Drawings 1 2 2 7.5 16 8 8 8 - b Preparing purchasing specification and send enquiries for subassembly 2 4 2 4 12 5 13 13 - c Same 2 5 2 4 6 4 12 12 - d Compute manufacturing costs for subassembly 2 3 1 3.5 9 4 12 14 2 e Same 2 6 1 2.5 6.5 3 11 14 3 f Get quotation for subassembly 4 7 4 5.5 10 6 19 21 2 g Same 5 8 4 8 12 8 20 20 - h Review and approval of costs for sub assembly 3 7 1 5 9 5 19 21 2 i Same 6 8 3 6 9 6 20 20 - j Evaluation of quotations for subassembly 7 9 1.5 3 4.5 3 22 24 2 k Same 8 9 1 4 7 4 24 24 - l Make or Buy Decision 9 10 1 2 3 2 26 26 - Image 5 There are three time estimates for each activity: optimistic (to), most likely (tm) and pessimistic (tp). The expected time (te) is calculated from those time estimates. It is calculated by using following formula: te = [(to+ 4tm + tp)/6] After the network is constructed and the critical path is determined, based on the mean time estimate for each activity, variance plays an important role (Saxena, 2011). It may be recollected that the total duration of the project is the sum of the performance times of the activities in the critical path. The expected elapsed time is required to perform each activity in the network based on the normal working condition, number of hours, shifts, etc. After determining of the expected elapsed times, these time estimates are cumulated from start through the completion of various paths. It is convenient to keep T(E) of the start event zero so that it can be scaled to any date. The earliest completion time under normal condition is the commission of the project in 26 days. In computing the latest allowable time T(L), one works backward from the completion of time for each event, and this is obtained by subtracting the expected elapsed time estimate from the final goal and moving backwards through the various paths. If the project has to be completed in 26 days, T(E) and T(L) will coincide at event 10. Thus the chart is analyzed by adding the estimated times each of many paths from the beginning to the end of the job. In forward pass for converging activities in junctions, the largest value of T(E) is taken; while in backward pass in the reverse direction, for converging values, the smallest value of T(L) is taken. Thus, for every event there are two values T(E) and T(L). T(E) is the result of forward pass, and T(L) is the result of backward pass. Wherever, these two values coincide, the commencement of that activity cannot be postponed without introducing delay in the completion of the project. This value is called slack. This positive difference gives the margin of time by which the commencement of an activity can be deliberately delayed without dislocating the total duration of the project (Baker Trietsch, 2009). The events with zero slack are identified as critical events, and the path that passes through the critical events is the critical path. The critical path activities together make up one or more continuous paths from the initial to the terminal event. Such a path is termed as critical path. The total slack of any non-critical activity measures the total time by which the activity can be delayed, without affecting the earliest start time of any of the critical activities in the network (Vanhoucke, 2012). The free slack help in measuring the amount of time by an activity can be delayed without affecting the earliest start time of any other activity in the network. The activities that fall on the events of zero slack, trace the critical path. In this project, the critical path is the one along the activities 1, 2, 5, 8, 9 and 10. It implies that each activity in the path is critical, for a delay in any of the events in this path will cause the entire project to fall behind schedule and, thus, defeat the purpose unless additional resources and personnel are available. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be said that time management is required to complete the project properly covering all the activities. PERT CPM technique is very useful technique to analyze and to schedule the all the activities in the project. Reference List Al-Begain, K., Fiems, D., Knottenbelt, W. (2010). Analytical and stochastic modeling techniques and applications. Berlin: Springer. Ash, R., Pittman, P. (2008). Towards holistic project scheduling using critical chain methodology enhanced with PERT buffering. IJPOM, 1(2), 185. doi:10.1504/ijpom.2008.022191 Baker, K., Trietsch, D. (2009). Principles of sequencing and scheduling. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Baradaran, S., Fatemi Ghomi, S., Mobini, M., Hashemin, S. (2010). A hybrid scatter search approach for resource-constrained project scheduling problem in PERT-type networks. Advances In Engineering Software, 41(7-8), 966-975. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2010.05.010 Bielefeld, B. (2009). Construction scheduling. Basel: Birkhauser. Dinsmore, P., Cabanis-Brewin, J. (2011). The AMA handbook of project management. New York: American Management Association. Ju, C., Xie, Y. (2009). An Extended CPM for Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling. AMR, 69-70, 695-699. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.695 Kerzner, H. (2009). Project management. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Kim, B., Kim, J., Dong, J. (2014). Application of PERT/CPM in dental practice. J Korean Acad Prosthodont, 52(3), 186. doi:10.4047/jkap.2014.52.3.186 Munier, N., Jime nez-Sa ez, F., Ferna ndez-Diego, M. (2013). Project management for environmental, construction and manufacturing engineers. Dordrecht: Springer. Oberlender, G. (2014). Project management for engineering and construction. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education LLC. Onofri, S., Spagnuolo, C. (2014). Project Time Management: gestione per fasi e timeboxing. Project Manager (IL), (17), 43-46. doi:10.3280/pm2014-017011 Rose, K. (2009). Researching the value of project management. Project Management Journal, 40(1), 139-139. doi:10.1002/pmj.20105 Saxena, P. (2011). Modeling and simulation. Oxford, U.K.: Alpha Science International Ltd. Sears, S., Sears, G., Clough, R. (2010). Construction Project Management. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Sule Adegoke, A. (2011). Measuring Process Effectiveness Using Cpm/Pert. IJBM, 6(6). doi:10.5539/ijbm.v6n6p286 Trietsch, D., Baker, K. (2012). PERT 21: Fitting PERT/CPM for use in the 21st century. International Journal Of Project Management, 30(4), 490-502. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.09.004 Vanhoucke, M. (2012). Project management with dynamic scheduling. Berlin: Springer. Young, T. (2010). Successful project management. London: Kogan Page. Zolfaghar Dolabi, H., Afshar, A., Abbasnia, R. (2014). CPM/LOB Scheduling Method for Project Deadline Constraint Satisfaction. Automation In Construction, 48, 107-118. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2014.09.003