crazy stuff Essays - Index Of Abkhazia-related Articles,

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Graphic Organizers in Special Ed Classrooms

Graphic Organizers in Special Ed Classrooms Special education students often need support in organizing their thoughts and completing multi-stage tasks. Children with sensory processing issues, autism or dyslexia can easily become overwhelmed by the prospect of writing a short essay or even answering questions about material they have read. Graphic organizers  can be effective ways to  help typical and atypical learners alike. The visual presentation is a unique way to show students the material they are learning, and can appeal to those who are not auditory learners. They also make it easy for you as a teacher to assess and understand their thinking skills. How to Choose a Graphic Organizer Find a graphic organizer thats best suited to the lesson youll teach. Below are typical examples of graphic organizers, along with with links to PDFs that you can print out. KWL Chart   KWL stands for know, want to know and learn. Its an easy-to-use chart that helps students brainstorm information for essay questions or reports. Use it before, during and after the lesson to allow students to measure their success. Theyll be amazed by how much theyve learned. Venn Diagram Adapt this mathematical diagram to highlight similarities between two things. For back to school, use it to talk about how two students spent their summer vacations. Or, turn it upside down and use the kinds of vacations- camping, visiting grandparents, going to the beach- to identify students who have things in common. Double Cell Venn Also known as a double bubble chart, this Venn diagram is adapted to describe the similarities and differences in characters in a story. Its designed to help students compare and contrast. Concept Web You may have hear concept webs called story maps. Use them to help students break down the components of a story they have read. Use an organizer to track elements such as the characters, setting, problems or solutions. This is a particularly adaptable organizer.   For example, put a character in the center and use it to map the attributes of the character. A problem in the plot can be in the center, with the different ways characters try to solve the problem. Or simply label the center beginning and have the students list the premise of the story: where it takes place, who are the characters, when is the action of the story set.   Sample Agenda Type List For children for whom remaining at task is an ongoing problem, dont underestimate the simple effectiveness of an agenda. Laminate a copy and have her affix it to her desk. For an extra boost to visual learners, use images to augment the words on the planner. (This one can help teachers, too!)

THERAPUTIC HYPOTHERMIA FOR NEUROPROTECTION POST ADULT CARDIAC ARREST Essay

THERAPUTIC HYPOTHERMIA FOR NEUROPROTECTION POST ADULT CARDIAC ARREST - Essay Example Once these ischemic injuries set in, they leave patients with symptoms including high body temperature and other neurological dysfunctions. In such cases, the need to find protective interventions to deal with these aftermath effects becomes highly important and urgent. In this paper, one critical intervention to dealing with post adult cardiac arrest, which has effects like risk of ischemic injury to tissue, which is therapeutic hypothermia discussed for its effectiveness and efficiency as a care approach. Neurological anatomy and physiology is discussed due to the relationship between neurological wellbeing and post cardiac arrest. As Arrich, Holzer, Havel, Mà ¼llner and Herkner (2012) note, â€Å"Good neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest is hard to achieve†. An understanding of the neurological anatomy and physiology will therefore make it possible to know why this is so and how this situation can effectively be tackled using therapeutic hypothermia. Quote (year) explained that neurological system comprises of two major components, which are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Whereas the PNS is mainly made up of nerves that exit from the spinal cord, the CNS comprises the brain, the spinal cord, and the cranial nerves. Three major organs can therefore be anatomically and physiologically identified, which are brain, spinal cord and the vertebral column. Functionally, the brain is responsible for functions including â€Å"imagination, memory, speech, and limb movements to secretion hormones and control of various organs within the body† (Sehati, 2009). These functions are however made possible by the collective functioning of other cells, tissues and organs including brain cells, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), ventricles, brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum, lobes, cerebrum, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, basal ganglia, pineal gland, and cranial

Personality Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Personality Assessment - Essay Example Personality assessment is also vehemently supportive in the treatment process of the individuals; it is therefore the counselors and therapists lay stress upon knowing the domestic, environmental, racial, ethnic and religious background of the patients before starting the treatment procedure. Now, the counselors have also started enquiring about the sexual orientation of the individuals, as such kind of information is pertinent for the recommendation of treatment process of the patients. Personality predicts how a person will work—diligently, intelligently, cheerfully, and cooperatively. Personality affects the style or manner in which a person approaches his/her work; to the degree that a person must work with others—clients or fellow employees—this style matters greatly. (hoganassessments.com) INTP, INTJ, ENFJ, ENFP and others are the prominent personality categories, assessment of which is based upon the theoretical framework of the illustrious 20th century ps ychologist Karl Jung. Since personality assessment diagnosis is a very sensitive issue, the questionnaire must be developed in such a way that it should not hurt the feelings of the patient altogether.

Why Sudanese are seeking Asylum in the United States Research Paper

Why Sudanese are seeking Asylum in the United States - Research Paper Example For instance, some seek political asylum based on their political opinions. Others are seeking for asylum to regain their freedom, while others are in need of seeking for better lives for them and their families (Tim and Ibrahim 23). It is evident that most Sudanese are seeking asylum from the United States for the sake of their protection from their governments, seek desired freedom, and leads better lives. As a result, the US government is determined to ensure that the well-being of these Sudanese is maintained (Huang 63). With the various types of asylum that the US government is offering to them, the Sudanese are able to lead better lives, with a peace of mind and thus they are able to maximize on their potential (Refugee Council USA 1). This is because with the current level of political unrest in their country, realizing their full potential becomes difficult due to the various shortcomings present (Suess 45). However, the successful ones who gain the asylum in the United States are protected from all the negativities that arise in their

Effect of Oxidative Stress in Fertile and Non Fertile Women

Effect of Oxidative Stress in Fertile and Non Fertile Women 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS The materials and methods used in the study entitled â€Å"Comparative study of effect of oxidative stress in fertile and non fertile women† was carried out in the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, SHIATS, Allahabad. The detail of experimental techniques employed is as follows: MATERIALS STUDY AREA The blood sample of infertile and fertile selected married females having child bearing age (25-35yrs) without any metabolic disorder from different gynecologist clinical hospitals and infertility centers of Allahabad. COLLECTION OF SAMPLE AND SITE OF EXPERIMENT: The present study was carried out by collecting venous blood sample (5ml) of fertile and non fertile selected married females in Allahabad. Group-I 250 normal healthy fertile women without any metabolic disorder, Group-II 250 infertile female without any metabolic disorder. All the subject of the two groups were between the age group 25-35 yrs. 3.2 Glassware: All the glassware used were washed properly with detergent and rinsed with distill water and autoclaved prior to use. Fig.3.1: Flow chart for fertile and infertile females Instrumentation: The following instruments were used during the course of study Autoclave Centrifuge Balance (Remi) Cooling centrifuge (remi C-28) Hot air oven (tempo) Homogenizer Incubator Micropipette tips (100 and 1000  µl) pH meter Spectrophotometer Weighing balance Centrifuge Colorimeter Routine Investigation The routine investigation of the subject include BMI and weight and history which was taken by asking the subjects to fill a from including 9their approval to be a part of the study. 3.5 Routine biochemical analysis:- All of the blood sample were analyzed for 3.5.1 Evaluation of Routine biochemical Parmeters:- Hb : By Sahli (acid hematin) method. Blood Sugar :By GOD/POD method Glycosylated Hb : By Cation method Serum Protein:Biuret method Serum lipid profile Serum Total Cholesterol : By Autopack Kit Method Serum Triglyceride : By Autopack Kit Method Serum HDL Cholesterol : By Autopack Kit Method Serum LDL cholesterol : Friedwald method Serum VLDL cholesterol : Friedwald method 3.5.2 Thyroid Profile:- Serum T3 :ELISA Method Serum T4 :ELISA Method Serum TSH :ELISA Method 3.5.3 Female Reproductive hormones: Serum Estrogen: :ELISA Method Serum Progesteron: :ELISA Method Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) :ELISA Method 3.5.4 Oxidative Stress marker:- Melondialdehyde (MDA): By the santos (1978)method 3.5.5 Antoioxidant level:- Catalase: Brannan (1981) method Ceruloplasmin: By Spectrophotometric method Superoxide dimutase (SOD): By Mishra and Fridovich (1972)Method Estimation protocol of routine biochemical protocol : The body weight and height was calculated manually with the help of weight balance and length scale respectively. Body mass index (BMI): The Body mass index was calculated when body weight is divided by the square of height. 3.5.1 Estimation of Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin reacts with0.1N hydrochloric acid and forms a brown colour complex called hematin.The resulting color after dilution is compared with standard brown glass reference blocks of a sahli hemoglobinometer. Reagent: N hydrochloric acid. Distilled water. Procedure:- By using pasture pipette add 0.1N hydrochloric acid in the tube up to the mark 20 Add 20ul blood to the tube. Leave the solution for 10 mins. Dilute the solution by adding few drops of distill water at a time till the color matches with the glass plate in the comparator. Read the reading. Normal value: In female: 12-14mg/dl In males: 14-16 mg/dl 3.5.2 Estimation of Blood Glucose: Estimation of blood glucose was carried out by using commercial available GOD-POD glucose reagent kit (Autospan, Span diagnostic limited, Surat, India). Glucose oxidase (GOD) oxidizes glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. In presence of enzyme peroxidase, released H2O2 is coupled with phenol and 4-aminoanrttipyrine (4-AAP) to form coloured quinoneimine dye. The absorbance of dye is directed proportional to glucose concentration in the sample (Kaplan, 1984) Glucose + O2 + H2O Gluconic acid+ H2 O2 H2O2 + phenol + 4-AAP Qinoneimine Dye + H2O Reagents: 1) Glucose reagent Phosphate buffer Glucose Oxidase Peroxidase 4-amino antipyrine. 2) Glucose diluents 3) Glucose standard Procedure:- Preparation of working Solution: All the reagent are ready -to-use. Pipette into test tube marked Blank Standard Test Serum/plasma 20  µl Cholesterol Standard 20  µl Mix well and incubate at 37 C for 10 minutes at room temp Distilled water 1500  µl 1500  µl 1500  µl The absorbance of the test was taken after standard at 490-550 nm. Calculation: Serum/plasma glucose concentration (mg/dl) = Absorbance of test x 100(Conc. of Std) Absorbance of Std Normal Range: Fasting glucose: 65-110mg/dlPost Prandial: Upto140 mg/dl. 3.5.3 Estimation of Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) The Glycosylated hemoglobin was estimated by (ion exchange resin method) commercially available kit (ERBA Diagnostic Mannheim, Transasisa Bio-Medicals limited, Solan India).A hemolysed preparation of the whole blood is mixed continuously for 5 min with a weak binding cation resin. During this time, HbAo binds to the resin. After the mixing period, a filter is used to separate the supernatant containing the Glycohaemoglobin from resin (Trivelli et al 1971) Hemolysed whole+ Cation exchange resin Fast Fraction Blood separation ( HbA1a,HbA1c,HbA1c) Reagents: Glycohaemoglobin Ion Exchange Resin Reagent Cation-Exchange Resin (8mg/ml) Glycohaemoglobin Lysing Reagent Lysing Agent (10 m M) Glycohaemoglobin Calibrator Calibrator (10%) PROCEDURE: The reaction mixture contained 500 µL Lysing Reagent and 100  µL whole blood and another tube 500  µL Lysing Reagent and 100  µL Calibrator mix and allow it to stand for 5 minutes till lysis is complete. Add 0.1 ml of the hemolysate from step-1 into the approximately marked Ion-Exchange Resin tubes. Close the cap and allow continuous gentle mixing for 5 minutes. Allow the resin to settle to assay temperature for 5 minutes. Position the resin separator in the tube and push down the separators until the resin is firmly packed. Read the absorbance of each tube at 415 nm against deionised water bank. For the fraction of hemoglobin add 20  µL sample hemolysate in 5.0 ml deionised water in calibrator 20  µL Calibrator Hemolysate in 5.0 ml deionised water, mix well and read the absorbance of calibrator and sample at 415 nm against deionised water. Normal Range: 6- 8.3 % Hb 3.5.4 Estimation of Serum Protein: The protein was estimated (Biuret method, End method) by commercially available kit (ERBA diagnostic Mannheim, Transasia Bio-Medicals Limited, Solan, India). The peptide bonds of protein react with copper II ion in alkaline solution to form blue violet color complex, (biuret reaction). Tartarate is added as a stabilizer whilist iodide is used to prevent auto-reduction of the alkaline cooper complex. The absorbance of color complex is proportional to protein concentration (Tietz 1986) Reagents: Total reagent Copper II sulphate Potassium Sodium Tartarate Potassium Iodide Sodium Hydroxide Protein standard Procedure:- Preparation of working Solution: All the reagents are ready -to-use. Pipette into test tube marked Blank Standard Test Serum/plasma 20  µl Protein Standard 20  µl Total protein reagent 1000  µl 1000  µl 1000  µl The absorbance of the test was taken after standard at 546 nm. Calculation: Serum/plasma total protein concentration (g/dl) = Absorbance of test x 6.5 Absorbance of Std Normal Range: Serum Total protein : 6.4-7.8 g/dl 3.5.5 Estimation of lipid profile: Determination of total cholesterol in serum/plasma: Method Name: CHOD-PAP method Principle: Cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed by Cholesterol Esterase (CE) to give free Cholesterol and fatty acids. In subsequent reaction , cholesterol oxidase (CHOD) oxidizes the 3-OH group of free Cholesterol to liberate cholest-4-en-3-one and Hydrogen Peroxide. In presence of Peroxidase (POD), Hydrogen Peroxide couple with 4-Amonoantipyrine (4-AAP) and phenol to produce red Quinoneimine dye . Absorbance of colored dye is measured at 505 nm and is proportional to amount of total cholesterol concentration in the sample. Procedure: Preparation of working Solution: All the reagent are ready -to-use. Pipette into test tube marked Blank Standard Test Serum/plasma 10 µl Cholesterol Standard 10  µl Cholesterol Reagent 1000  µl 1000  µl 1000  µl Mix well. Incubate at 37’c for 10 minutes or at room temperature (15-30’c) for 30 minutes. Read the absorbance of the sample Standard against blank. Calculation: Cholesterol concentration (mg/dl) = Absorbance of test x 200(Conc. of Std) Aborbance of Std Normal Range: 150-250 mg/dl. 3.5.6 Determination of HDL Cholesterol in serum/plasma: Method Name: CHOD-PAP Principle: Low density Lipoprotiens (LDL) Cholesterol, Very Low Density Lipoprotiens (VLDL) cholesterol and Chylomicron fractions are precipitated by addition of polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG) .After Centrifugation, the High Density Lipoprotien (HDL) Fraction in the supernatant is determined with CHOD-PAP method. Procedure: Preparation of working Solution: All the reagent are ready -to-use. STEP-I: HDL-Cholesterol separation Take 0.5 ml of serum /plasma in to a glass tube. Add 50ul precipitating reagent. Mix well; leave it for 10 min at room temperature. Centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 10 min. Take the clear supernatant for HDL-Cholesterol. STEP-II: HDL-Cholesterol Estimation. Pipette into test tube marked Blank Standard Test Supernatant form step-I _ _ 10 ul HDL-Cholesterol Standard _ 10 ul _ Cholesterol Reagent 1000 ul 1000 ul 1000 ul Mix Well. Incubate at 37’c for 5 minutes or at Room temperature (15-30 ºC) for 30 minutes.. Read the absorbance of the sample Standard against blank at 510 nm. Calculation: HDL-Cholesterol concentration (mg%)= Absorbance of test x 200(Conc. of Std) Absorbance of Std Normal Range: Men=30-60 mg%, Women= 40-70 mg%. 3.5.7 Estimation of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) LDL= Total Triglyceride HDL 5-HDL LDL cholesterol were obtained by calculation using the empirical relationships of (Friedwald et.al.1995) 3.5.8 Estimation of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) VLDL =Total triglycerides/5 VLDL cholesterol were obtained by calculations using the empirical relationships of (Freidwald et.al 1995) 3.5.9 Determination of Triglyceride in serum/plasma: Method Name: GPO-TRINDER Principle: Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyses triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acid. The glycerol formed with ATP in the presence of glycerol Kinase forms Glycerol 3 Phosphate which is oxidized by the enzyme glycerol phosphate oxidase to form hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide further reacts with phenolic compound and 4-aminoantioyrine by the catalytic action of peroxidase to form a red coloured quinoneimine dye complex. Intensity of the colour formed is directly proportional to the amount of triglycerides present in the sample. The intensity of chromogen (Quinoneimine) formed is proportional to the Triglyceride in the sample when measured at 505nm (500-540nm). Preparation of working Solution: Allow the reagent bottle and AQUA-4 to attain room temperature .Add the amount of AQUA-4 indicated on the label to the contents of each vial. Swirl to dissolve, allow to stand for 10 min at room temperature. Procedure: STEP-II: HDL-Cholesterol Estimation. Pipette into test tube marked Blank Standard Test Working reagent 1000 ul 1000 ul 1000 ul Distill Water 10 ul _ _ Standard 10 ul Sample 10 ul Mix Well. Incubate at 37’c for 10 minutes. Read the absorbance of the sample Standard against blank at 505 nm (500-540nm) or 505/670nm on bichromic analysers against reagent blank. Calculation: Triglyceride (mg/dl) = Absorbance of test x Conc. of Std (mg/dl) Absorbance of Std Normal Range: Normal fasting levels: 25-160mg/dl. Oxidative stress marker : 3.6.1. Determination of Melon di aldehyde (MDA) in serum/plasma: Reagents required: Tricholoro acetic acid TCA Sulfuric Acid HCL Sodium sulfate N-Butanol 5-1,1,1,3,3 Tetra Ethoxypro-pane (Standard) Procedure: Malondialdehyde (MDA) Assay: Lipid peroxidation in the plasma is evaluated by the spectrophotometric method based on the reaction between MDA and Thiobituric acid (TBARS). Briefly, to 0.5 ml plasma, 2.5 of 20% tricholoro acetic acid (TCA) in 2M sodium sulfate is added. After precipitating the protein with TCA and washing with 0.05sulfuric acid. It was incubated in a boiling water bath for 30 min. After cooling, the samples are exactracted with n-butaneol and centrifuged at 3500rpm. The absorbance of samples is determined at 530nm. Calculation: TBARS (A) =10 x OD of sample/OD of control (Blank) x mg/ml protein. ) Normal Range: 0.5-2.0 nmol/ml 3.7. Estimation of enzymatic antioxidants: 3.7.1 Estimation of SOD activity in serum/plasma: Reagents required: Carbonate buffer (0.2M) Kcl (0.015 M) Epinephrine (0.025M) Preparation of the sample: Collect blood without using an anticoagulant such as heparin, citrate or EDTA. Allow blood to clot for 30 minutes at 25à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¼C Centrifuge the blood at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¼c.Pipette off the top yellow serum layer without disturbing the white Buffy layer. Procedure: 1 .The reaction mixture composed of 0.1 ml of carbonate buffer (0.2M, pH 10.2), 0.8ml KCl (0.015 M) 0.1 ml of diluted blood and water to make the final volume to 3.0 ml. 2. The reaction was started by adding 0.2 ml of epinephrine (0.025 M). 3. Change in absorbance was recorded at 480 nm at 15 sec interval for 1 min at 25à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¼C.(UV-1800 SHIMADZU)Suitable control lacking enzyme preparation was run simultaneously.( Mishra and Fridivicl;1972). Calculation: one unit of enzyme activity is defined as the amount of enzyme causing 50% inhibition of auto oxidant of epinephrine under experimental condition. SOD Activity= Normal range: 12-16 unit/mg protein 3.7.2 Estimation of Ceruloplasmin activity in serum/plasma: At pH 5.4, ceruloplasmin catalyzes the oxidation of PPD to yield a colored product, which is believed to correspond either to Bandrowski’s base or to Wuerster’s red . The rate of formation of the colored oxidation product is proportional to the concentration of serum ceruloplasmin if a correction is made for nonenzymatic oxidation of PPD. Therefore, simultaneous assays are carried pH 5.45, which has been warmed to 37 ºC.The contents of the flask are adjusted to pH 5.45 at 37 ºC by dropwise addition of sodium hydroxide solution (1 mol/liter), and diluted to the mark with acetate buffer solution. The solution is stable for3h. Procedure (1) Into two test tubes (12 X 75 mm), labeled R (reaction) and B (blank), 2 ml of acetate buffer solution was pipetted. (2) Serum, 0.1 ml, is added to each tube. (3) Tubes R and B are placed in a water bath at 37 ºC to reach thermal equilibrium. A flask  containing buffered PPD solution is also placed in the water bath. (4) Warmed, buffered PPD solution (1 ml) is added to both tubes. The contents of the tubes are mixed, and the tubes are kept unstoppered in the water bath. The water bath is covered, to avoid exposure of the tubes to light. (5) After 5 min, 50  µl of sodium azide solutionis pipetted into tube B, and the contents are mixed. The tube is replaced in the water bath. (6) Exactly 30 min later, 50  µl of sodium azide solution is added to tube R, and the contents are mixed. (7) Samples R and B are transferred to spectrophotometer cuvette (light path, 1 cm), and absorbance is measured at 530 nm with a spectrophotometer. The color of the samples remains stable for at least 6 hrs. Calculations Ceruloplasmin (g/liter) = 0.752 (A AB), where AR is the absorbance of sample R, and AB is the absorbance of sample B. Normal range: 20-37mg/dl 3.7.3 Estimation of Catalase (CAT) activity in serum/plasma: Reagents: H2O2(1.2mM) Phosphate Buffer (pH-7.0)(0.05M) Peroxidase /potassium dichromate Procedure: The catalase activity of the hemolysate is determined by adopting the method of Brannan et.al. The assay is based on the disappearance of H2O2 in the presence of the enzyme source at 26 à ¡Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¼C. In brief the hemolysate is prepared from lysed RBC suspension, further dilute by phosphate buffer(pH-7.0) Here the reaction mixture containing 0.05M phosphate buffer (pH-7.0), 1.2mM H2O2 and 0.2ml of diluted hemolysate is allowed to stand for 25 min. At the end of which reaction is stopped by the addition of 2.5 ml peroxidase reagent containing peroxidase and the red coloured compound chromogen system. Peroxidase reduced the H2O2 to give a compound and absorbance measure at 505 nm. Calculation: Activity= Std Conc.= 20 µ mol Std.OD =0.02 Unit=  µ mol/minute/mg protein Normal range: 3-5 unit/mg protein STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DATA: The results were analyzed using Duncan multiple range test. All the data are expressed as mean. Differences between the groups were considered significant at pË‚0.05

THE SINFUL NATURE OF MEN IN WILLIAM GOLDINGS LORD OF THE FLIES :: essays research papers fc

When anyone thinks of the word â€Å"evil† they do not think it is within themselves. In reality, without a structured and well-followed society, people are apt to follow their own corrupt desires and neglect the thought of consequence. In the allegory, Lord of the Flies, William Golding reveals that man’s selfishness and sinful nature will be unmasked when the structure of a society deteriorates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the story opens, the boys are stranded on the island without any type of authority and must fend for themselves. A meeting is held and the chief, Ralph, is quickly named. A reader at once can notice there is already a power struggle between Jack and Ralph but this is overlooked when Jack says rational and sensible remarks about what should be done. The stability of civilization is still apparent when Jack says, â€Å"I agree with Ralph. We’ve got to have rules and obey them. After all, we’re not savages. We’re English, and the English are best at everything. So we’ve got to do the right things,† (Golding 42). The boys are still influenced by the restraints they learned from a controlled society. Joseph Conrad asserts that â€Å"there exists a certain ‘darkness of man’s heart’ that is suppressed by the light of civilization† (Introduction to Lord of the Flies 2). â€Å"Although Golding suggests the h armony of an ideal society, he does not indicate any faith in its creation† (Kennard 234). The more meetings that are held the more futile they become. â€Å" ’We have lots of assemblies. Everybody enjoys speaking and being together. We decide things. But they don’t get done,’ † (Golding 79). The boys realize that there are no punishments for what they do and disregard their priorities. â€Å"The idea that the absence of the restraints of civilization can lead to a subversion towards savagery† (Introduction to Lord of the Flies 2). The makeshift society that the boys have created is already starting to weaken.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  More and more time passes, the tension growing between the boys heightens and their hibernating savageness starts to peer out. Now, the boys start to completely ignore the rules and neglect the thought of getting rescued and start to fulfill their own wishes of hunting and playing. â€Å" ‘The rules!’ shouted Ralph. ‘You’re breaking the rules!’ ‘Who cares?’ [Jack retorted]†¦ ‘Because the rules are the only thing we’ve got!’ [Ralph replied]. ‘Bullocks to the rules! We’re strong – we hunt!.

A Socio-Economic Model for Sustainable Fashion

Abstract At times when sustainability seems to be the mantra for not only corporations but also the lay man, sustainable fashion is a much less understood term as â€Å"sustainability† alongside â€Å"fashion† are two seemingly contradictory concepts as fashion is all about change and sustainability is all about preservation. Sustainable fashion, in its purest form generates new ideas on how to produce fashion with a sense of ethics, organic or renewable resources, and socially responsible manufacturing techniques. Simply put, the term â€Å"eco-fashion† refers to stylized clothing that uses environmentally sensitive fabrics and responsible production techniques. Our first motive is to spread awareness amongst the mass about sustainable fashion and the affects its absence has on our environment. The fashion industry is based on a model of continual economic growth fuelled by ever-increasing consumption of resources. What needs to be retained is – continual economic growth and what needs to be changed is – ever-increasing resource consumption. So what I propose here is an idea which can possibly be a giant step towards sustainable fashion. The concept central to this idea is – reusability. So what is to be done is that there is a central organization called SFO, Sustainable Fashion Organization. The SFO buys all the to-be-thrown or to-be-wasted clothes on a massive scale. Then the clothes are analysed and classified on the basis of their reusable ratio. The clothes which are good enough have a high reusable ratio. The best breeds are recycled and reused to create new clothes that are eco-friendly, economic and sustainable. While the not so good breeds are used in other areas like manufacturing doormats and bags. In this paper, we try to present a model of business, that will be in optimal interest to industry, consumers, earth and ecosystem. A Socio-Economic Model for Sustainable fashion Sustainable fashion is creating a sustainable product with creativity and great innovation. Fashion is subject to creativity but sustainability is preserving, thus with fast moving competitive world it is hard to find the space for the word sustainable. There is lot of research taking place to find the most sustainable fiber but we all know that times flies and research continues. Many designers have begun experimenting with bamboo fibre, which absorbs greenhouse gases during its life cycle and grows quickly and in plenty without pesticides. Although it also causes environmental harm in production due to the chemicals used to create a soft viscose from hard bamboo. Hemp is one of the best choices for eco fabrics due to its ease of growth, though it is illegal to grow in some countries. Other alternative is synthetic fibers while critics still point to the chemicals used in making synthetic materials, this method significantly reduces water consumption and pollution, while cotton (organic or not) uses a tremendous amount of water during the growth and dyeing phases. Future holds a great deal of importance in our world but the present is equally responsible for it. All research and development is for future something which is uncertain, which is yet to be discovered. My business model is for present and preserving future. Current Scenario Gorman clothing, Stewart +Brown, Avita, Delano Collection, Look Organics etc are some of international brand which are into organic eco fashion but cost of production is still high due to the small market. Fashion industry is doing a lot to preserve the future but return on investment is low, the market share is small as the products are not readily available and they are expensive. People are not aware of fashion sustainability and they do not know which fibers life span is high with less carbon footprint. They are not familiar with the problems associated with fashion products as for most of the people cotton is sustainable and eco friendly; they are not educated on things like which garment is harmful, how to dispose the garment etc. What is the difference between the jute fibers or organic cotton is not known SFO We need to understand how SFO generate value for the consumers and how they generate revenue for their profitable running. Value Generations Maintaining sustainable development – the main reason and production of the sustainable fashion is eco friendly environment. Inculcating new habits – making the consumer understand the essence of sustainability and building loyal brand. Awareness – perception of fast fashion is quite wrong as it is actually not about throw away clothing but a management system that can improve the efficiency. Business Model SFO is an organization which is formed to help the other existing brand and organization working on sustainable fashion by reusing the fashion products and re design them for further usage. SFO is using the zero wastage method of sustainability and helps out other fashion organization in achieving zero waste. The method will be a continuous method of sustainability. The organizations will purchases the used garment or clothes and then check the life span of the garment. After evaluating the durability of the garment it is either reused to form a new garment or send to NGO’s. SFO will be having a tie with NGO’s and will be seeking cooperation from their end as well. Wearable will be given to NGO’s and those garments will be further utilized to the extent that they cannot be termed as wearable and then the NGO’s return the garment to SFO. Then the garment is again evaluated and divided in different slots according to their life span and fabric type. Garment is further cleaned and disinfected and made presentable in a form of raw material and once the procedure is completed it supply’s the garment to different brands. The brand then reuses recycle or redesign the garment and manufacture a new garment. Business functioning Step 1 – Understanding the working of different organization and brand and pursuing them to be a part of sustainable fashion. Taking help from NGO’s and seeking cooperation from their end. Step 2 – Purchasing the used garment from the public after evaluating the depression of the product. Step 3 – The garment is further studied and after understanding the durability it is supplied to NGO’s Step 4 – NGO’s will return the garment after using them. Step 5 – Then the used garment is cleaned and converted into raw material and supplied to different brands. Step 6 – These brands then manufacture a new garment by using the second hand raw material Revenue Generation Sustainable fashion can be profitable because shoppers today are looking for something more meaningful. Consumers are accepting the concept of reuse and recycle in a creative way. SFO will be affiliated with other organization or brand. So that SFO can afford and buy the used products from the public and keeps a certain margin with them. It is basically formed for readily available sustainable fashion therefore the garment wouldn’t be purchased or sold with high margin. The motto of SFO is employment and sustainable fashion with profitability. Risk Hesitancy level might be high as the products are used and then reproduced with new designs – people normally don’t like wearing second hand garment considering the health problem associated with it. Consumer might prefer to buy expensive organic product rather than going for low product sustainable fashion – with high economic growth rate people would like to spend more rather than going for redesigned products. Chaos among the brands associated with SFO – consumer might not have a clear picture of the product quality as every organization has its own quality measures. Opportunity Willingness to buy sustainable fashion – majority of people are fashion oriented and sustainable fashion is in demand. Consciously worried toward the environment – with rapid educations and consumer awareness people understand the importance of eco friendly environment and they are willing to be a part of it. Easy collaboration with other brands practicing sustainable fashion – existing brand association is not difficult with the help of their sustainable new ideas and concept of reuse , recycle and redesign can be inculcated. Low amount of investment – SFO doesn’t need huge investment as it will be associated with brand and organization. The purchase of the second hand garment can be done with the help of these brands. Employment – lot of people are working on sustainable fashion these people can be employed and given a platform to exhibit their ideas and concept. Sustainable institutes – the sustainable fashion academy, Danish fashion institute, refashion designers can be of great help. These institute and designers can work with SFO and help in achieving the goal of eco friendly environment. Recommendation Adequate awareness among the consumer is required regarding the SFO and its redesigned products. Any preconceived notion should be eliminated and customer helpline should be there to help out them with their questions. Not compromising on product quality should be maintained so that the consumer believes in the brand and its products. Hygiene should be given priority keeping in mind that people are hesitant towards the second hand products so one mistake can dilute the brand image. Initially the profit would be low as the market share is small. Therefore to attract huge market share product quality at low price should be done. Pricing strategy should be market penetration and later on price skimming can be adopted with new products. Brand should be responsible for their product quality and design. Each brand should remain a ‘brand’ without merging with SFO. The competition level remains the same within the brands. Each brand will use their own designing team to redesign the garment. SFO can be set as a standard mark for the organization for recognition and brand building. Conclusion Sustainable fashion will be really profitable and there is a huge potential, but first we need to create an ecosystem for that. Sustainable fashion organizations can be a milestone to set standard and accountability among different brands and organization. Every process is a continuous process but I believe time is money so while the research for sustainable fiber is in progress, we should restructure the existing industry to achieve certain sustainable development. Fashion is hard to stop but it can be preserved forever. The redesigning for the same garment gives more scope to innovation and creativity. With the big brand a small plan can be executed to make the consumer equally responsible for the eco friendly environment along with the industry. It is every individuals responsibility to play its duty properly considering the welfare of the society and rather than being completely dependent on government and industries. SFO is an organization which is awaking the public to stand and support the cause of sustainability. Reference Sustainable fashion meets eco-friendly energy, 27 October 2009 -http://www. meridianenergy. co. nz/AboutUs/News/SustainableFfashionMeetsEecofriendlyEnergy. htm Sustainable Fashion – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sustainable_fashion Fashion conscious, may 15- July 13, 2008 , University of California Davis design Museum Davis CA – http://sustainablefashion. blogspot. com/ Sustainable fashion forum – http://www. fashionaccess. aplf. com/TheFair/OnsiteEvents/SustainableFashionForum/tabid/1106/language/en-US/Default. aspx

Canada’s Changing Demographics and the Work Force Essay Example

Canada’s Changing Demographics and the Work Force Essay Example Canada’s Changing Demographics and the Work Force Essay Canada’s Changing Demographics and the Work Force Essay What has happened to Canada’s demographics over the past 50 old ages? Over the past 50 old ages. Canada’s demographics have been fluctuating significantly in footings of age and sex construction. During the mid-twentieth century. the population distribution pyramid was owned by the younger people and young person while the elderlies were non as extremely populated. Now. the pyramid does non even resemble a pyramid ; an addition in life anticipation. and a bead in birthrate rates may account for such a drastic and effectual transmutation. and this sudden bead on the charts represents the big cohorts of the babe boomers. who are now get downing to play. possibly even a somewhat harmful. function in the economic work force. In footings of statistics. these alterations represent good the ripening that has taken topographic point in Canada over the past 50 old ages. Between 1956 and 2006. the average age of the Canadian population went from 27. to 38. 8 old ages. an addition of more than 10 old ages over a span of 50 old ages. By 2056. the average age is expected to make 46. 9 old ages. or 20 old ages more than it was in 1956. In footings of demographics in the work force. during the 3rd one-fourth of the 20th century. there were about 8 grownups between 15 and 64 old ages of age in Canada for each individual aged 65 old ages or over. However. the d emographic dependence ratio for seniors in 2006 was merely over 5 individuals aged 15 to 64 old ages for each individual aged 65 old ages and over. This ratio gives an estimate of how many aged individuals there are in relation to the possible pool of workers. During the last 25 old ages. the ratio has bit by bit yet significantly decreased to its current degree. This downward tendency could besides go on into the hereafter. harmonizing to recent population projections by adept analysts. Regardless of the scenario selected. most projections show a continuance of the diminution of this index of population aging. Harmonizing to the projections. in the twelvemonth 2056 there would be merely 2. working-age individuals for each individual aged 65 old ages or over. an even lower ratio than we are covering with at the present minute. The Issue of Age Discrimination Age favoritism is defined. technically. as the thought of curtailing individuals from acquiring hired. promoted. or discriminated. in a place on the footing of age. It involves inauspicious work intervention of an employee based on a category or class that the employee belon gs to – employees over age 40 – instead than on the employee’s single virtue. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 ( ADEA ) protects certain appliers and employees 40 old ages of age and older from favoritism on the footing of age in engaging. publicity. discharge. compensation. or footings. conditions or privileges of employment. In fact. any action that an employer takes that adversely affects a disproportional figure of employees over 40 is besides age favoritism. Assorted different types of age favoritism do be throughout the work force. It would be reasonable to be knowing on one’s rights in footings of age favoritism to guarantee that future struggles as such are avoided. . Denying Employment: Denying 1s rights on hiring and employment based on their current age ( most instances involve the misjudgement of one’s capablenesss due to inexperience and immature age ) 2. Position-Based Employment: When one is already working for a company and is denied another place. possibly a publicity. within the company based on their current age . 3. Salary-Based Employment: While it is sensible to presume that a individual with more experience and instruction will grok a higher wage. even for making about the same work as another individual. there may be instances where that is non applicable. Some instances involve the act of paying more to one individual while another is making about indistinguishable work yet is being paid lupus erythematosus. yet one individual is significantly older or younger than the other. 4. Housing-Based Solutions: This type of age favoritism is different than others. merely because it is non related to employment. Some communities specifically cater to older grownups. but this is an freedom to lodging favoritism allowed under the Housing for Older Persons Act ( HOPA ) . This is true in many retirement communities. for illustration. for which frequently do non let those younger than age 55 old ages to ain belongings or populate at that place. Current myths sing the older work force employees There do be. nevertheless. many myths about the capablenesss of older workers in the field and how efficient they would be if they were to go on working in the work force as they age. One go arounding myth is that older people can non or will non larn new stuff every bit expeditiously as younger people. which is the most outstanding one of the remainder. A few others include the thought that older people are non flexible or adaptable to the work environment. that older people are less productive. and that older workers are more expensive than younger workers. There has been great argument on both sides of these theories. given that although people do accept that older people should non be discriminated against and limited in footings of the work force. there do still be facets in their work wonts and the resources needed to supply for them in the workplace which are less ideal than if younger people were to be hired alternatively. Some issues that may hold to be dealt with throughout the workplace with older people include more wellness protection. more resources to supply for them. and possibly even more preparation to guarantee that they are non slow in groking the accomplishments necessary for the station ( all of these factors besides relate back to thought of more disbursals in general ) . Labour deficit in Canada Figure 1. Statisticss on the recent survey on Canadian labour deficit by state Figure 1. Statisticss on the recent survey on Canadian labour deficit by state Finally. the instance for occupation deficits in Canada became thinner late with the most recent informations demoing vacancies really fell to 200. 000 at the start of the twelvemonth. significance there were 6. 5 unemployed workers trailing each gap. The fresh information is merely the latest index that seems to undersell authorities and concern statements that Canada is confronting a serious accomplishments and labour deficit. Furthermore. given the fact that older citizens are get downing to retire from their places. there is an increased hazard of labour deficits get downing to emerge. Partss of the economic system such as the nutrient and eating house. oil. and public services industries are get downing to confront such issues. and this country of struggle may even go on to turn over the decennaries. possibly even dispersed and spread out to more parts of the economic system. In footings of action against this issue nevertheless. stairss have already been put into consequence by different organisations and the Canadian authorities. Advancement has been made to cut down barriers to work by supplying revenue enhancement inducements for working Canadians and by modifying Employment Insurance and Guaranteed Income Supplement plans to take punishments for working people. Canadian Prime Minister. Steven Harper. responded that there are certain instances in Canada where there are absolute deficits of workers and that he will ensure the plans put in consequence are reformed so they may non be misused in any manner. The authorities has already begun to take action to farther cut down barriers to work for Canadians. given that Canada’s labour deficit is non merely a accomplishments deficit. but a person-shortage that will hold an progressively negative affect on the economic growing and prosperity of all Canadians. The decreasing immature worker to retired elder-ratio should be a clear indicant that a struggle is. and will be outstanding throughout the following twosome old ages or decennaries in Canada’s e conomic system. and that action must be taken every bit expeditiously as possible to avoid a serious job for both our current and future coevalss.

The Role of the Inspector in An Inspector Calls. essays

The Role of the Inspector in 'An Inspector Calls.' essays Discuss the role of the Inspector in the play. How does Priestley use him? Comment on the way the Inspector varies his treatment of the characters. An Inspector Calls is a play with many social and political messages. J. B. Priestley believed a great deal in socialism and he used several of his plays to try and influence people to be Socialist as well. It was written in a time when Britain was ruled by a Labour government and socialist policies were seen as the way forward. It was a popular way of thinking at that time so Priestley's aim for the play was probably to teach the unconvinced. The Inspector in J. B. Priestley's 'An Inspector Calls' is one of the most thought-provoking and mysterious characters that modern day literature has yet produced. It is this mysterious element that contributes greatly to making him a very interesting character and one that may be perceived in many ways. The audience does not find a great deal out about the Inspector and nothing is explicitly told to us; we are given hints and clues from the way he acts and what he says and are forced to piece these together to form our own ideas about his identity and his intentions. In this way, Priestley has asked his audience to act as a judge and to reach personal conclusions about him. The role of the Inspector is one of many levels. In terms of how he is used in the basic structure of the play, he is there to move the play along in that he encourages the characters to tell their stories. If there was not the revelation that he was not a real Police Inspector, he would only be considered as a narrator and not play a big part in the play. Because it transpired that he was an impostor of sorts, further questions are asked by the audience and different insights have become likely and it is clear that the Inspector is in the play for many reasons. The play is set in the house of the Birling family. As soon as the curtains open, it is clear that the fami...

History of the Olympic Games Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Letter of explanation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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